Nesta página encontram-se os resumos das conferências convidadas do I Workshop Materialidades Antigas.
Maria Regina Candido
NEA – Núcleo de Estudos da Antiguidade
Programa de Pós-Graduação em História – UERJ
Consideramos que os katadesmoi, as lâminas de maldição feitas de chumbo e encontradas no cemitério do Kerameikos, Atenas, são a representação material da emoção do ódio e do desejo de fazer mal ao inimigo. No livro Anger and Emotions in Aristotle, de David Konstan, podemos analisar, por meio da citação de Aristóteles, claramente a exposição da possibilidade do extremo do prejuízo: movido pelo ódio, expressamos o desejo de destruir totalmente o inimigo, ou seja, sua morte. O termo “ódio” (o “hate” em inglês) compõe o imaginário social de uma repugnância extrema, muito mais acentuada do que a raiva, pois esta pode ser curada com o passar do tempo (II.4.1382a7-8). Enquanto, para Aristóteles, to misein/odiar significa um sentimento que é duradouro, eterno e cessa somente diante da inexistência do inimigo, ou seja, a morte do objeto odiado colocado em tumbas no cemitério.
Palavras-chave: katadesmoi; inimigo; magia; Kerameikos.
Prof. Omar N'Shea
L'Università ta' Malta (Valletta)
In Neolithic Malta, death was not an end state but a material negotiation between decay and permanence, absence and representation. In this paper, I explore the materiality of death in Neolithic Malta through the tension between decomposition and permanence. Drawing on bioarchaeological and taphonomic evidence from the Xagħra Circle on the island of Gozo, it contrasts the labour-marked ‘real body’ with the idealized corpulence of megalithic figurines. I argue that death initiated a prolonged deathway in which bodies were actively unmade through disarticulation, fragmentation, and redistribution. I also argue that while decomposition constituted a transformative material process through which individual identity was dissolved into a collective ancestral substrate, figurines materialized a counterpoint, one in which enduring, idealized bodies stabilized and projected a shared identity across time. Together, these practices reveal a dual ontology of the body, one decomposed and dispersed, and the other fixed and amplified.
Prof. Davide Nadali
Sapienza Università di Roma
The world's archaeological heritage is constantly threatened by armed conflicts, natural disasters, looting, and human-induced landscape transformation. This paper explores the duality between the archaeology of destruction—understood as the study of the traces of past traumatic events—and the destruction of current archaeology, which leads to the irreversible loss of context and information. The paper explores the evolution of protection practices, shifting from static conservation to risk management and cultural first aid strategies. Innovative methods for the recovery and safeguarding of "endangered" heritage are analysed. Through case studies in Syria and Iraq, the paper proposes an approach that combines cutting-edge technologies with traditional practices, highlighting the ability to transform the documentation of damage into a resource for reconstruction and future memory.